There’s a microbrewery bar in Copenhagen’s Vesterbro neighborhood, Fermentoren, that I’ve passed many times. It’s a cozy little bar partially hidden from the road by the hedges, which are a little over my height.

I walked down into the basement bar area on a chilly afternoon in April. There was a long line at the bar, and the one bartender working was focusing quietly on keeping up.

Maybe it was the little bit of afternoon sunshine, but it really looked like this cozy place was very popular, and it’s looked that way every time I’ve passed by. I decided it was a bad time to try to get an interview with the bartender.

So, I walked on the Meatpacking District (Kødbyen) and the Warpigs Brewpub. At this bar and barbecue place, in the industrial section of Vesterbro, just about all the seats were taken. I decided to come back at a different time.

Immediately next to Warpigs is the Mikkeller General Store. Not quite knowing what to expect I stepped in. The large glass window was letting in all the sunshine and this really warmed up the shop from the drizzle and wind outside.

You know how when you begin to look for something, you see it everywhere? That’s exactly how I felt on this little walk. Within a few meters I’d passed at least four microbrewery bars and shops.

The Mikkeller shop was a cool mix with an industrial interior and then cartoon-ish art on all the beer and merch. There was even a mug with the little mermaid, drawn as a mix of the Mikkeller cartoon guy, that sideways head with a massive nose, and a little mermaid tail.

Investigating a trend

According to figures from the brewer's association Bryggeriforeningen, while there were only 17 microbreweries in 2004, there were 120 breweries by 2014, which would have made Denmark the country with the highest number of breweries per capita at the time of those figures.

Having already noticed a seeming shift in beer preferences, this piqued my interest into how drastically this trend is developing.

I called Amager Bryghus brewery to ask whether Denmark did in fact have more breweries per capita than any other country.

“It's not actualy correct! The highest number per capita is Switzerland, followed by Iceland and I think Denmark is third. It's a commonly-quoted error,” said Henrik Papsø, communications officer with Amager Bryghus.

An international craft beer revolution?

The title of having the most microbreweries per capita seems to be changing hands. But everyone I spoke to within the industry confirmed the microbrewery boom.

“Denmark now has 197 open breweries and contract breweries. These have all launched new beers. There is now a new record with 30 new breweries and contract breweries in 2017. This is close to a fourfold increase from 2016 when there were only 16,” writes Peter Myrup Olesen, also known as The Beerticker, in an article for The Danish Brewers Association.

Jason, a sales representative at the Mikkeller General Store, was unsurprised when presented with this information.

“It’s the same thing that’s happened across Europe, it’s happened in the UK, like there’s always been a lot of breweries, but in the last five years, it’s exploded,” he said.

Mikkeller bottles in 2014. File photo: Betina Garcia / Ritzau Scanpix

But it hasn’t been easy.

“When we founded the Danish Beer Enthusiast Society in 1998 there were only 13 breweries left in Denmark, and today we have passed 200,” Papsø said.

“So, quite a lot has happened since then. We call it the Danish beer revolution.  It took us a few years after 2000, small homebrewers started going commercial, trying to see if they could make a living from it and then it just exploded. There were a couple of years where there were (up to) five breweries opening every month,” he added.

But can all these new breweries survive?

Veteran brewer Gitte Holmboe, cofounder and owner of Bøgedal Bryghus,says that the real peak was about 15 years ago.

“2004 was the beginning of the beer revolution, and it has gone down since then,” Holmboe told The Local.

“It’s always been a difficult market. I don’t know how all these new microbreweries that are coming up can survive, especially without a unique story. I come from marketing and I think it’s important to have a story that is more than just that the ones opening breweries love beer and love to brew their own beer,” Holmboe said.

Meanwhile, all upstarts still have to contend with the giant that is Carlsberg, which has not ignored consumer interest in specialist beer.

“The competition is not new. It started over two decades ago. During the 1990s wine was increasingly taking over beer in many of the traditional Danish food and drinking occasions. It was obvious that something had to be done in order to change the negative trend of beer,” Frederic Viking, brand manager for Jacobsen, Carlsberg’s specialty beer brand, said in comments provided to The Local.

“Carlsberg fully supported the establishment of the consumer critical association Danish Beer Enthusiasts in 1998. They basically started the beer revolution in Denmark,” Viking wrote.

“Jacobsen Brewhouse, today, and Carlsberg Group, in general, are working closely together with the Carlsberg Research Laboratory to improve our beers, make them better, and more environmental-friendly. It’s in our DNA,” he added.

Carlsberg presenting quarterly results in 2017. File photo: Ida Guldbæk Arentsen / Ritzau Scanpix

Back at the Mikkeller store, I waited in line behind a group of tourists. I noticed that they’d come to the shop during their visit to Copenhagen just to buy merch from Mikkeller.

Craft beer merch, from an up-and-coming craft brewery had become a type of souvenir or perhaps a lifestyle statement, comparable, perhaps, to the increasing demand for organic food in Denmark.

I asked Lars Bjerregaard, a food and drink columnist with newspaper Politiken, about this apparent phenomenon.

“It’s a sentiment, of course. The thing about the organic movement is that they have just been very fortunate that people think that the organic mark, you know the red logo in dk for the organic products is a benchmark for quality, but it is not,” Bjerregaard said.

“And it’s the same movement you see (with microbreweries). I think that people will be quite surprised if they knew how big a corporation Mikkeller is and it’s just getting bigger and bigger. They would be quite surprised if they knew how big the corporations behind their craft beers are. But it’s still the same trend like behind the organic and still the reason why we buy it over Carlsberg and Tuborg,” he said.

Fake craft beer?

A microbrewery is generally considered to be a brewery that produces beer in lower quantities, typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned, although this definition hardly sets down any black-and-white framework for what does or doesn’t qualify.

So, what of accusations that specialty beer produced by brands like Carlsberg’s Jacobsen is ‘fake’ craft beer?

“It’s not fake. It’s good beer. You and I probably couldn’t tell the difference too much. But it is definitely seen as fake and I totally get it, because the big corporations have totally monopolized the beer market completely throughout the last 30-40 years and now, they are losing, and they can’t seem to reverse it,” Bjerregaard said.

“I was at one of Mikkeller’s first beer celebrations or beer festivals in Copenhagen, quite some time ago, 6-8 years ago and I was up in the office up above the hall where it was held and I looked across the floor and it was just packed. And it was not just packed with beer geeks, men my age with the belly and the beer and the rock n’ roll t-shirts. It was all ages and it was women as well and I said to myself, this is Carlsberg’s worst nightmare they cannot reverse this, and they can’t.

Copenhagen Beer Festival in 2013. File photo: Keld Navntoft / Ritzau Scanpix

“So, they are trying to tap into it, and they sell, craft-y looking beers, which are good beers but it’s just not microbrewery beers,” he explained.

“Then also there is a discussion of what is craft beer exactly? Does it need to be made in someone’s kitchen sink out in the countryside or can it be made in small batches at Carlsberg?”, he added.

Microbreweries continue to set new records: Over 10,000 new Danish beers in 10 years, and 1825 new beers in 2018

In 2018, there were a total of 1825 new Danish beers on the market, making it a record-breaking year, with an average of 5 new beers per day, the Beerticker writes.

“Once people start to drink craft beer, they want to have something different each time. So there is an increasing trend of people not drinking the same beer twice,” says Jason from behind the counter at Mikkeller’s general store.

But perhaps there doesn’t have to be a constant demand for new beers.

“Some breweries make new types of beer just for the sake of making something that’s new, maybe it is the new trend or they try to be trendsetters. I prefer to stick to good taste over just making something new for the sake of making something new” said Holmboe of Bøgedal Brew, which was founded in 1849.

Another long-term impact could be on Denmark’s binge-drinking culture: perhaps, as interest in microbrews grows, quality (and its associated cost) will win out over quality amongst the broader population.

“People are turning to drinking less but it being of higher quality. So, I think financially, it doesn’t affect the customer that much. It’s not just about getting drunk, it’s more about actually enjoying what you have,” Bjerregaard said.

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